一、市情概况

（一）地理地貌
北京市中心位于北纬 39 度，东经
116 度，雄踞华北大平原北端。北京的西、 北和东北，群山环绕，东南是缓缓向渤 海倾斜的大平原。北京平原的海拔高度 在 20-60 米，山地一般海拔 1,000-1,500 米，与河北交界的东灵山海拔 2,303 米， 为北京市最高峰。境内贯穿五大河，包 括东部的潮白河、北运河、泃河，西部 的永定河和拒马河。北京市城区包括东 城区、西城区、宣武区、崇文区，郊区 县包括朝阳区、海淀区、丰台区、石景 山区、房山区、门头沟区、通州区、顺 义区、昌平区、大兴区、平谷区、怀柔区、 密 云 县、 延 庆 县。 总 面 积 16,410.54 平 方 公 里， 城 区 面 积 1,368.32 平 方 公 里，
郊区县面积 15,042.22 平方公里。

(i) Geography

The urban area of Beijing, located at 39°N and 116°E , is bound by the mountains to the west, north and north-east and opens to the North China Plain, which falls away to the Bohai Sea in the east. The altitude of the plain Beijing lies on ranges
from 20m to 60m, while the mountains average from 1,000m to 1,500m in hight. Mount Dongling, on the border with Heibei
Province, is the municipality 's highest point, with an altitude of 2,303 m. The major rivers flowing through the municipality are the Chaobai River and Beiyun River in the east and Yongding River and Juma River in the west. The urban areas of the city are divided into Dongcheng, Xicheng, Chongwen, Xuanwu, Chaoyang, Haidian, Fengtai and Shijingshan districts, and the rural areas are comprised of Mentougou, Fangshan, Tongzhou, Shunyi, Changping, D a x i n g , P i n g g u a n d H u a i r o u d i s t r i c t s and Miyun and Yangqing counties. The municipality covers an area of 16,410.54 km2 with an urban area of 1,368.32 km2 and
a rural area of 15,042.22 km2.

（二）气候特征
北 京 的 气 候 为 典 型 的 暖 温 带 半 湿

润大陆性季风气候，夏季炎热多雨，冬
季寒冷干燥，春、秋短促。年平均气温
10-12 摄氏度，极端最低 -27.4 摄氏度， 极端最高 42 摄氏度以上。年平均降雨 量 600 多毫米，为华北地区降雨最多的 地区之一。降水季节分配很不均匀，全
年降水的 75% 集中在夏季。

（三）人口与民族
2005 年， 北 京 市 常 住 人 口 总 数 为
1,538 万，户籍人口总数 1,180.7 万，其 中农业人口 300.5 万，非农业人口 880.2 万。 人 口 密 度 为 937.2 人 / 平 方 公 里。 宗教包括佛教、道教、伊斯兰教、天主 教、基督教。有 56 个民族组成，人口 在万人以上的少数民族有回族、满族、 蒙古族、朝鲜族；人口在千人以上的有 壮族、维吾尔族、苗族、土家族、藏族、 彝族、侗族、白族、布依族、瑶族。

2010 年高速公路路网示意图
Sketch Map of Highways in 2010

（四）交通运输和基础设施
交通　北京是中国重要的交通枢纽。
北京的道路呈棋盘状分布，二环、三环、四环、五环等环城公路和北京众多主干道，构成了完备的城市道路体系。以北京为中心向四周呈辐射状的国道共有12条、高速公路9条。2005年，北京市轨道交通运营里程达到114公里，已开工建设地铁5号线、10号线一期（含奥运支线）、4号线和机场轨道交通线。市域公路网总里程达到4,696公里，其中高速公路总里程达到548公里。截至

2005年，北京市公路
运输线路总长度14,713公里。公路货物运输量达到30,050万吨；公路旅客运输量为51,925万人，占旅客运输总量
85.3%。
北京是中国铁路的枢纽之一，与北京连通的铁路干线有京广线、京九线、京沪线、京包线、大秦线等，运营范围遍及中国30个
省、直辖市、自治区以及香港特别行政区。截至2005年，北京的铁路运输线路总长度964.4公里。铁路货物发送量达到1,976.2万吨；铁路旅客运输量为
5,777.9万人,占旅客运输总量的9.5%。北京首都国际机场是中国三大国
际航空港之一，也是中国最繁忙的空港。可到达中国各省、直辖市、自治区、香港、澳门特别行政区和世界上39个国家的54个城市。2005年，航空货物运输量达到76.9万吨；航空旅客运输量为3,136万人，占旅客运输总量的
5.2%。

(iv) Transportation and Infrastructure

Transportation

Beijing is a significant transportation hub in China .

The streets of Beijing are laid out like a chessboard. The Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth ring roads, connecting with many other main routes, constitute a complete urban roads system. There are 12 National Highways and nine expressways radiating from Beijing in all directions. In 2005, the subway line in Beijing reached 114km. Construction of the No.5, No.10 first stage (including the Olympic link) and the No.4 subway lines and an express rail link to the airport is well under w a y . Total road length in the municipality is 4,696 km, with 548 km of expressways. By 2005, on 14,713 km of roads in Beijing , 300.5 million tons of cargo and 519.25 million passengers are transported accounting for 92.4% and 85.3% of the total respectively.

Beijing is a railway hub of the People's Republic of China . There are several major railways radiating out from Beijing , including those to Guangzhou , Hong Kong , Shanghai , Baotou (in Inner Mongolia ) and Qinhuangdao (in Hebei ). China 's rail network covers 30 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions as well as Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. By 2005, Beijing's railway transportation lines were 964.4 km long with a cargo transportation capacity of 197.62 tons, accounting for 6.1% of the total and passenger transportation capacity of 57.78 million, constituting 9.5% of the total.

Aeroplane Shed of the New Port of Beijing Capital International Airport

Beijing Capital International Airport is the busiest of China 's international airports. Its network covers all China 's provinces, municipalities, autonomous regions, Hong Kong and Macau , as well as 54 cities in 39 countries around the world. In 2005, the total amount of air cargo into and out of Beijing Capital International Airport reached 769,000 tons. Air passenger transportation amounted to 31.36 million passengers, constituting 5.2% of the total.

金融保险　金融业在北京经济中占有举足轻重的地位。2005年北京金融资产总量达到14.1万亿元，金融业实现增加值792.8亿元。北京金融组织体系较为健全，截至2005年，驻京银行业金融机构共计161家；保险公司44家，保险专业中介法人机构227家。北京金融业对外开放取得积极进展。2004年12月1日北京市对外资银行开放人民币业务，共有10家外资银行北京分行正式开办了人民币业务。截至2005年，北京地区共有外资银行分行25家，支行4家，外资银行类代表处78家，在京外商独资和中外合资保险公司达到17家。

Post and telecommunications
The postal services to and from all countries and regions around the world are available in Beijing. The telephone network
connects 2,300 domestic cities and 260 foreign countries and regions. In 2005, the total revenue of post and elecommunication services reached 41.75 billion yuan with 3.35 billion yuan from post services and 38.4 billion yuan from telecommunication services. The number of subscribers amounted to 9.5million, among those 8.545 million were in urban areas and 0.955 million were in rural areas. Cell phone users reached 147 million in Beijing, which means that 97 out every 100 people own a cell phone.
Finance and insurance
The financial industry plays a significant role in Beijing's economy. In 2005, the financial assets in Beijing totaled 14.1 trillion yuan, with an added value of 79.28 billion yuan in the financial sector. Under a relatively sound financial organization system, branches of financial institutions in the banking system amounted to 161, insurance companies totaled 44
and intermediary agencies specializing in insurance reached 227.

Substantial progress has been achieved in the opening up of the financial sector in Beijing. Since RMB business was opened to foreign funded banks on 1st of December, 2004, 10 foreign funded banks have of?cially launched RMB services. By 2005, altogether
25 branches, four sub-branches, 78 agencies of foreign funded banks and 17 solely-foreign funded and joint stock insurance companies have been established in Beijing.

北京现有外国驻华大使馆137 个，国际组织和地区代表机构17 个， 外国新闻机构190 个。在北京设立的国外驻京代表机构已超过7,000 家， 外国留学生17,000 多人。

(v) Foreign Exchange
Beijing has increasingly strengthened exchanges with other countries and regions all over the world in economy, trade, science and technology, education, culture and other fields. Governments, communities and social organizations conduct active cooperation. Currently, Beijing maintains partnerships with 38 cities of 34 countries around the world. There are 137 foreign embassies, 17 international organizations and local agencies and 190 foreign news agencies in Beijing . Foreign agencies in Beijing number over 7,000 and there are over 17,000 foreign students.

会展　

北京的会展业在中国处于重要地位。会展中心主要有：北京国际会议中心、中国科技会展中心、中国国际展览中心、全国农业展览馆、北京展览馆、中国国际贸易展览馆、友谊宾馆等。 2005 年，北京市会议室总面积达 62.1 万平方米，场馆的展厅面积达到 20.4 万平方米；会展业实现总收入 61.1 亿元，其中接待会议收入 33.6 亿元，接待展览收入 20.8 亿元；共承接国际会议近 7,000 个，国际会议收入 3.2 亿元；承接国际展览 322 个。

Exhibition

Beijing 's exhibition industry is ofgreat importance for the whole country. Themajor exhibition centers include: BeijingInternational Convention Center, ChinaInternational Science and Technology Convention Center , China International Exhibition Center , China NationalAgricultural Exhibition Center , BeijingExhibition center, China International Trade Exhibition Center . In 2005, the areaof hotel rooms and boardrooms of thesevenues in Beijing reached 621,000 m2 andthe exhibition halls, 204,000 m2. Nearly7,000 international conferences were heldwith a total revenue of 320 million yuan. Inaddition, 322 international exhibitions wereheld in Beijing in 2005.

（六）科研与教育科研　北京是中国最大的科学技术研究基地，有中国科学院等科学研究机构和称为中国硅谷的中关村科技园区，每年获国家奖励的成果占中国的 1/3 。截至 2005 年，在北京开展科技活动的单位 7,400 个，拥有科技活动人员 34 万人。当年全市科技活动经费支出 660 亿元，其中研究与试验发展经费支出 380 亿元。

教育　北京是中国高等院校最集中、教育水平最高的地区。北京有普通高等学校 79 所，包括北京大学、清华大学、中国人民大学、北京师范大学等中国最著名的学府。 2005 年毕业生 11.7 万人，招生 15.6 万人，在校生 53.7 万人，教职工 11.3 万人；校舍建筑面积 2,598.5 万平方米。招收研究生的普通高等学校 51 所，研究生毕业 3.1 万人，招生 5.2 万人，在校生 14.2 万人。北京拥有亚洲最大的图书馆在内的 24 家图书馆，门类众多的博物馆已超过百家。

(Vi) Scientific Research and Education

Scientific Research Beijing is the largest base for scientific and technological research in China , with the Chinese Academy of Science and other scientific research institution and Zhongguancun Scientific Park , which is known as China 's Silicon Valley , of which achievements awarded by the central authorities account for one-third of the total every year. By 2005, there were 7,400 organizations and institutions involved in scientific activities with 340,000 professionals, with a total of 38 billion yuan allocated for research and experiments in Beijing .

Education Beijing is home to a large number of higher education institutions and welleducated people. There is a total of 79 higher education institutions in Beijing , including Peking University , Tsinghua University , Renmin University of China and Beijing Normal University . In the year 2005, there were 117,000 graduates, 156,000 new students, 537,000 in-school students, 113,000 faculties and other personnel and a floor space of 25.985 million m2. Higher education institutions qualified to recruit graduate students totaled 51 with 31,000 graduates, 52,000 new students and 142 thousand in-school students. There are 24 libraries in Beijing , including the largest one in Asia and there are also over a hundred museums in Beijing .

（二）资源和农业、工业自然资源　北京市矿产资源赋存条件在世界各国首都中是少见的，其矿种数、探明储量等在中国的大城市中也是得天独厚的。目前北京市已发现各类矿产126 种，已探明储量矿产有68 种，矿产地363 处。在已探明储量矿产地中，大型矿产地30 处，占8.6%；中型矿产地106 处，占30.6%；小型矿产地96 处，占27.6 %；矿点115 处，占33.2%。主要矿产包括煤炭、铁矿、金矿、钼矿、水泥用灰岩、冶金用白云岩、熔剂用灰岩、制灰用灰岩、大理岩、透辉石、建筑用砂等。

(i) GDP In 2005, Beijing 's GDP totaled 688.63 billion yuan and per capita GDP reached 45,444 yuan. The added value of primary industry came to 9.8 billion, secondary industry of 202.65 billion yuan and tertiary industry of 476.18 billion yuan.
(ii) Resources, Agriculture and Industry Natural Resources Beijing boasts a favorable condition for mineral resources. Other capitals around the world seldom enjoy this kind of advantage. It also stands out from other major cities in China for its large amount of proven reserves of a variety of ores. Currently, 126 kinds of minerals have been found in Beijing . The reserves of 68 kinds are verified and 363 mines have been set up. Among the mines of verified reserves, the large-scale mines total 30, accounting for 8.6%, medium-scale total 106, accounting for 30.6%, small-scale total 96, accounting for 27.6% and miniscale total 115, accounting for 33.2%. The major minerals include coal, iron ore, gold, molybdenum, limestone for cement, marble, diopside and sand for construction etc.

地下水是北京市最重要的资源之 一。地下水天然资源量（地下水补给量） 为 39.5 亿 m3/a ，开采量为 26.3 亿 m3/a ， 其中平原区 24.6 亿 m3/a ，地下水占全 市供水总量的 2/3 ，为北京市区、郊区、 卫星城镇和大型矿山、企事业单位提供 水源地 150 余处。"南水北调"中线工 程水源进京后，地下水将占全市供水总 量的 1/2 。
地热资源丰富，初步查明地热分 布面积 2,372km2 ，占北京市总面积的 14.1% ，热储层总热量相当于 110 亿吨 标准煤发热量；地热总储量为 181.2 亿 m3 ，年可采量为 1.1 亿 m3 ，相当于 64.9 万吨标准煤发热量。

农业　 2005 年北京市农林牧渔业 服务业总产值 268.8 亿元。其中，农业 产值 100.6 亿元；林业产值 13.3 亿元； 牧业产值 135.7 亿元；渔业产值 9.7 亿元； 农林牧渔服务业产值 9.5 亿元。

Ground water is among the most important resources in Beijing . The ground water replenishment is 3.95 billion m3/a and the yield totals 2.63 billion m3/a. The yield in the plain reaches 2.46 billion m3/a. Ground water accounts for two-thirds of the city's water supply, with more than 150 water sources for Beijing 's urban areas, rural areas, satellite towns, large-scale mines and various organizations and institutions. After the middle section of the South- North Water Transfer Project is launched in Beijing , ground water will account for half of the city's water supply.

Beijing enjoys abundant terrestrial heat resources. Preliminary data demonstrate that areas with terrestrial heat cover 2,372 km2, constituting 14.1% of the total area of Beijing . The quantity of heat in the reserve layer is equal to that produced by 11 billion tons of standard coal. The total reserve of terrestrial heat reached 18.12 billion m3, out of which 110 million m3 are to be explored every year, equal to the quantity of heat produced by 649,000 tons of standard coal.